Tilawa
EN
العربيةFrançaisEnglish
Download

Surah Ash-Shams: Tajweed Rules, Verse by Verse

الشمس

40 tajweed rule occurrences marked across 15 verses, each with its reason and the word’s audio

Ash-Shams (الشمس) has 40 tajweed rule occurrences across its 15 verses, according to the text of the Madani Mushaf (Hafs reading). The most frequent: Madd Tabee'ee (15), Hamzat al-Wasl (9) and Qalqalah (5). The list below gives, verse by verse, each word, its letters, the rule, its reason and the word’s audio in its verse.

Surah Ash-Shams in colour

Each colour marks a rule of Surah Ash-Shams. Pick a rule: only that one stays lit.

Show one rule

وَٱلشَّمْسِ وَضُحَىٰهَا ﴿١﴾ وَٱلْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَىٰهَا ﴿٢﴾ وَٱلنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّىٰهَا ﴿٣﴾ وَٱلَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰهَا ﴿٤﴾ وَٱلسَّمَآءِ وَمَا بَنَىٰهَا ﴿٥﴾ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَىٰهَا ﴿٦﴾ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّىٰهَا ﴿٧﴾ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَىٰهَا ﴿٨﴾ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّىٰهَا ﴿٩﴾ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّىٰهَا ﴿١٠﴾

كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُودُ بِطَغْوَىٰهَآ ﴿١١﴾ إِذِ ٱنۢبَعَثَ أَشْقَىٰهَا ﴿١٢﴾ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ نَاقَةَ ٱللَّهِ وَسُقْيَـٰهَا ﴿١٣﴾ فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَعَقَرُوهَا فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّهُم بِذَنۢبِهِمْ فَسَوَّىٰهَا ﴿١٤﴾ وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبَـٰهَا ﴿١٥﴾

What I show you when you recite

Surah Ash-Shams, verse by verse

For each of the 15 verses of Surah Ash-Shams: every word that carries a rule, its letters, the rule and its reason. Tap ▶ to hear the word in its verse of Surah Ash-Shams, recited by al-Husary.

Verses 1 to 10

27 rules

Verse 1 3 rules

  1. وَٱلشَّمْسِ

    • ٱHamzat al-WaslAt the start of a word, on the alif topped with a small sign (ٱ), as in “al”.
    • لLam ShamsiyyahWhen “al” is followed by one of these letters: ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن.

  2. وَضُحَىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 2 2 rules

  1. وَٱلْقَمَرِ

    • ٱHamzat al-WaslAt the start of a word, on the alif topped with a small sign (ٱ), as in “al”.

  2. تَلَىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 3 4 rules

  1. وَٱلنَّهَارِ

    • ٱHamzat al-WaslAt the start of a word, on the alif topped with a small sign (ٱ), as in “al”.
    • لLam ShamsiyyahWhen “al” is followed by one of these letters: ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن.
    • نَّGhunnahWhen a nūn or a mīm carries the shaddah, the small sign that doubles a letter.

  2. جَلَّىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 4 2 rules

  1. وَٱلَّيْلِ

    • ٱHamzat al-WaslAt the start of a word, on the alif topped with a small sign (ٱ), as in “al”.

  2. يَغْشَىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 5 4 rules

  1. وَٱلسَّمَآءِ

    • ٱHamzat al-WaslAt the start of a word, on the alif topped with a small sign (ٱ), as in “al”.
    • لLam ShamsiyyahWhen “al” is followed by one of these letters: ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن.
    • آMadd MuttasilWhen the long vowel and the hamzah are in the same word.

  2. بَنَىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 6 2 rules

  1. وَٱلْأَرْضِ

    • ٱHamzat al-WaslAt the start of a word, on the alif topped with a small sign (ٱ), as in “al”.

  2. طَحَىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 7 2 rules

  1. وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا

    • سٍ وَIdgham with GhunnahBetween two words: a nūn with no vowel or a tanwīn (final “n”), then yā, nūn, mīm or wāw.

  2. سَوَّىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 8 2 rules

  1. وَتَقْوَىٰهَا

    • قْQalqalahWhen qāf, ṭā, bā, jīm or dāl (ق ط ب ج د) has no vowel, or when you stop on it at the end of a word.
    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 9 3 rules

  1. قَدْ

    • دْQalqalahWhen qāf, ṭā, bā, jīm or dāl (ق ط ب ج د) has no vowel, or when you stop on it at the end of a word.

  2. مَن زَكَّىٰهَا

    • ن زَIkhfaA nūn with no vowel, or a tanwīn (final “n”), before: ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك.

  3. زَكَّىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 10 3 rules

  1. وَقَدْ

    • دْQalqalahWhen qāf, ṭā, bā, jīm or dāl (ق ط ب ج د) has no vowel, or when you stop on it at the end of a word.

  2. مَن دَسَّىٰهَا

    • ن دَIkhfaA nūn with no vowel, or a tanwīn (final “n”), before: ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك.

  3. دَسَّىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verses 11 to 15

13 rules

Verse 11 1 rule

  1. بِطَغْوَىٰهَآ

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 12 3 rules

  1. ٱنۢبَعَثَ

    • ٱHamzat al-WaslAt the start of a word, on the alif topped with a small sign (ٱ), as in “al”.
    • نۢبIqlabWhen a nūn with no vowel, or a tanwīn (final “n”), is followed by a bā (ب).

  2. أَشْقَىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 13 4 rules

  1. ٱللَّهِ

    • ٱHamzat al-WaslAt the start of a word, on the alif topped with a small sign (ٱ), as in “al”.

  2. ٱللَّهِ

    • ٱHamzat al-WaslAt the start of a word, on the alif topped with a small sign (ٱ), as in “al”.

  3. وَسُقْيَـٰهَا

    • قْQalqalahWhen qāf, ṭā, bā, jīm or dāl (ق ط ب ج د) has no vowel, or when you stop on it at the end of a word.
    • يَـٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 14 3 rules

  1. رَبُّهُم بِذَنۢبِهِمْ

    • م بِIkhfa ShafawiWhen a mīm with no vowel ends a word and the next word begins with a bā (ب).

  2. بِذَنۢبِهِمْ

    • نۢبIqlabWhen a nūn with no vowel, or a tanwīn (final “n”), is followed by a bā (ب).

  3. فَسَوَّىٰهَا

    • ىٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

Verse 15 2 rules

  1. عُقْبَـٰهَا

    • قْQalqalahWhen qāf, ṭā, bā, jīm or dāl (ق ط ب ج د) has no vowel, or when you stop on it at the end of a word.
    • بَـٰMadd Tabee'eeAn alif, wāw or yā extending the vowel before it, and no hamzah or vowelless letter after.

The rules of Surah Ash-Shams, one by one

Each table gives every occurrence of a rule in Surah Ash-Shams: the word and its verse.

Madd Tabee'ee

15 times in Surah Ash-Shams, in 15 of its 15 verses.

All 15 occurrences
Madd Tabee'ee in Ash-Shams: 15 times
WordVerse
وَضُحَىٰهَا1
تَلَىٰهَا2
جَلَّىٰهَا3
يَغْشَىٰهَا4
بَنَىٰهَا5
طَحَىٰهَا6
سَوَّىٰهَا7
وَتَقْوَىٰهَا8
زَكَّىٰهَا9
دَسَّىٰهَا10
بِطَغْوَىٰهَآ11
أَشْقَىٰهَا12
وَسُقْيَـٰهَا13
فَسَوَّىٰهَا14
عُقْبَـٰهَا15
The rule: Madd Tabee'ee

Hamzat al-Wasl

9 times in Surah Ash-Shams, in 8 of its 15 verses.

All 9 occurrences
Hamzat al-Wasl in Ash-Shams: 9 times
WordVerse
وَٱلشَّمْسِ1
وَٱلْقَمَرِ2
وَٱلنَّهَارِ3
وَٱلَّيْلِ4
وَٱلسَّمَآءِ5
وَٱلْأَرْضِ6
ٱنۢبَعَثَ12
ٱللَّهِ13
ٱللَّهِ13
The rule: Hamzat al-Wasl

Qalqalah

5 times in Surah Ash-Shams, in 5 of its 15 verses.

All 5 occurrences
Qalqalah in Ash-Shams: 5 times
WordVerse
وَتَقْوَىٰهَا8
قَدْ9
وَقَدْ10
وَسُقْيَـٰهَا13
عُقْبَـٰهَا15
The rule: Qalqalah

Lam Shamsiyyah

3 times in Surah Ash-Shams, in 3 of its 15 verses.

All 3 occurrences
Lam Shamsiyyah in Ash-Shams: 3 times
WordVerse
وَٱلشَّمْسِ1
وَٱلنَّهَارِ3
وَٱلسَّمَآءِ5
The rule: Lam Shamsiyyah

Ikhfa

2 times in Surah Ash-Shams, in 2 of its 15 verses.

All 2 occurrences
Ikhfa in Ash-Shams: 2 times
WordVerse
مَن زَكَّىٰهَا9
مَن دَسَّىٰهَا10
The rule: Ikhfa

Iqlab

2 times in Surah Ash-Shams, in 2 of its 15 verses.

All 2 occurrences
Iqlab in Ash-Shams: 2 times
WordVerse
ٱنۢبَعَثَ12
بِذَنۢبِهِمْ14
The rule: Iqlab

Ghunnah

1 time in Surah Ash-Shams, in 1 of its 15 verses.

The occurrence
Ghunnah in Ash-Shams: 1 times
WordVerse
وَٱلنَّهَارِ3
The rule: Ghunnah

Ikhfa Shafawi

1 time in Surah Ash-Shams, in 1 of its 15 verses.

The occurrence
Ikhfa Shafawi in Ash-Shams: 1 times
WordVerse
رَبُّهُم بِذَنۢبِهِمْ14
The rule: Ikhfa Shafawi

Idgham with Ghunnah

1 time in Surah Ash-Shams, in 1 of its 15 verses.

The occurrence
Idgham with Ghunnah in Ash-Shams: 1 times
WordVerse
وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا7
The rule: Idgham with Ghunnah

Madd Muttasil

1 time in Surah Ash-Shams, in 1 of its 15 verses.

The occurrence
Madd Muttasil in Ash-Shams: 1 times
WordVerse
وَٱلسَّمَآءِ5
The rule: Madd Muttasil

Rules added after checking

This list does not yet include izhar (halqi and shafawi), lam qamariyyah, hamzat al-qat’, the heavy or light raa, or the lam of the name of Allah. It does not mark madd ‘iwad. It marks madd leen only at a stop at the end of a verse, silah with natural madd or madd munfasil, and madd badal only where the Mushaf writes it with a small alif. Natural madd counts only the small signs of the Mushaf (small alif, small waw, small yaa), not the ordinary alif, waw or yaa. The rest will be added after checking.

By verse range

The ranges used in homework, ten verses at a time: each one leads to the list for its verses of Surah Ash-Shams.

Your turn: which rule in Ash-Shams?

The highlighted letters carry a rule of Surah Ash-Shams. Pick it: the answer and its reason show at once.

  1. Ash-Shams 91:2

    وَٱلْقَمَرِ

    wal-qamari

  2. Ash-Shams 91:4

    إِذَا

    'idhā

  3. Ash-Shams 91:14

    بِذَنۢبِهِمْ

    bidhambihim

  4. Ash-Shams 91:13

    ٱللَّهِ

    llāhi

  5. Ash-Shams 91:9

    مَن زَكَّىٰهَا

    man zakkāhā

  6. Ash-Shams 91:3

    جَلَّىٰهَا

    jallāhā

Frequently asked questions

How many tajweed rules are in Surah Ash-Shams?

40 tajweed rule occurrences across 15 verses, according to the text of the Madani Mushaf (Hafs reading): Madd Tabee'ee (15), Hamzat al-Wasl (9), Qalqalah (5), Lam Shamsiyyah (3), Ikhfa (2), Iqlab (2), Ghunnah (1), Ikhfa Shafawi (1), Idgham with Ghunnah (1) and Madd Muttasil (1).

How many noon sakinah and tanween rules are in Surah Ash-Shams?

5: Iqlab (2), Ikhfa (2) and Idgham with Ghunnah (1).

How many meem sakinah rules are in Surah Ash-Shams?

1: Ikhfa Shafawi (1).

Which types of madd are in Surah Ash-Shams?

16: Madd Tabee'ee (15) and Madd Muttasil (1).

How many lam rules are in Surah Ash-Shams?

3: Lam Shamsiyyah (3).

How many hamza rules are in Surah Ash-Shams?

9: Hamzat al-Wasl (9).

Which verse of Surah Ash-Shams has the most rules?

Verse 3, with 4 rule occurrences marked.

How do I know I apply these rules when I recite Surah Ash-Shams?

Reading the colors is not enough, you need to hear yourself: recite Surah Ash-Shams out loud in the Tilawa app, which follows your recitation word by word and flags the tajweed rules you missed in Ash-Shams, with the word to replay in its verse.

Keep going

Previous surahAl-Balad Next surahAl-Layl

Tilawa editorial team · Updated 2026-10-24 · Report an error